General Election Research Articles

The stock market reaction to political and economic changes: the Spanish case

AbstractAs other European countries, Spain has experienced a turmoil in which new political parties emerged with force after the global financial crisis in 2008. In this context, we analyze whether the empirical implications of the opportunistic and partisan theories, as well as the Uncertain Information Hypothesis, are met in the Spanish stock market, considering the size and the industry of the companies. The horizon of our study takes into account the seven general elections, 24 regional elections and 4 European elections held from 2002 to 2019, period in which Spain is fully integrated in the economic and monetary union and under the macroeconomic imbalance procedure. Our results do not support the opportunistic and partisan theories, or the Uncertain Information Hypothesis. Our evidence suggests that the short-term negative market reaction to the general elections is linked to the uncertainty with a change in the political sign of the incumbent. Besides, it is not related to size or industry characteristics.

Timing and responsiveness in American political advertising campaigns

AbstractObjectiveThough candidates for political office use their campaigns to appeal to voters, they are unable to do so uninterrupted. Prior research suggests that they must respond to the advertising strategies employed by their opponents when determining their own strategies. How does this responsiveness vary across the campaign cycle?MethodsI test how general election television advertising responsiveness varies over the course of the campaign cycle using data from 256 U.S. Senate and gubernatorial contests.ResultsThe results of my analyses show that candidates' overall, negative, and (to an extent) issue‐based advertising strategies become less informed by their opponents' strategies as Election Day approaches.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that candidates use the early stages of their campaigns to find effective general advertising strategies and become less responsive to their opponents once they have done so. In other words, campaigns appear to stay on message to a greater extent as the campaign unfolds.

Finding the Next Successor: Visual Message in Caricature Image

Caricature is a form of visual communication wherein messages are conveyed through exaggerated and often humorous distortions of characters, serving as a critique of societal issues. Caricature often serves to critique various aspects of society, including social, cultural, economic, legal, and political conditions. Similarly, the political landscape surrounding the 2024 general election has intensified, fostering active and diverse discussions through both direct and indirect media channels. Mass media visualizes the very busy pros and cons of the Indonesian future successors. The proponents and the supported people are arguing and the one that can represent them will be the leader of government in 2024-2029. Funny, amusing, and intriguing caricature images in National Mass Media are interesting to study to see how the interpretation on the form of a caricature object is using the meaningful visual signs. This research was limited to caricature images by a cartoonist, Kang Yuyun, that was published in TEMPO National mass media in January-June 2023. The object of illustrative image was limited using a purposive sample that is considered representing the objective of research. The data mining was carried out through observation, interview, document, and literature. Observation was conducted directly in Tempo’s Office, Jakarta; interview was conducted online with the cartoonist; document included the caricature images that have been published on Sunday; and literature came from scientific works such as journal, proceeding, and books. All data were collected to be validated using triangulation and then analyzed using Roland Barthes’ semiotic theory about denotation, connotation, and myth. The findings reveal that Kang Yuyun’s caricature images in TEMPO mass media during the 2024 General Election depict three groups supporting Ganjar Pranowo, Prabowo Subianto, and Anis Bawesdan as potential successors, emphasizing unity in nation-building and promotion. Keywords: caricature, mass media, the successor, semiotics

Disclaimer of Political Rights As An Effort to Eradicate Corruption

Corruption is an extraordinary crime, so extraordinary methods are also needed to prevent and eradicate this crime. The imposition of serious crimes is one of the ways needed to eradicate them, then new punitive breakthroughs are also needed in order to provide a sense of deterrence and fear to both the perpetrators and the community. Several cases that have been decided during the trial of corruption at the first level, among others, are on behalf of the accused, Inspector General. Djoko Susilo in the corruption case of the procurement of a driving license (SIM) simulator tool, the KPK Public Prosecutor demanded additional crimes of revoking the right to vote and vote in general elections and public office (political rights), and the panel of judges granted the demands at the appeal level. This additional punishment is regulated in article 35 of the Criminal Code in conjunction with article 18 paragraph (1) of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Corruption. This research uses normative legal research methods, supported by primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources. With descriptive qualitative analysis.The problem with this additional punishment for depriving political rights is how to apply this additional punishment for depriving political rights in the prevention and eradication of corruption, because of course the KPK has strong reasons why this additional punishment is included as a punishment for perpetrators of corruption.

Partisanship is why people vote in person in a pandemic

AbstractObjectiveThe choice of voting methods has increasingly become a politicized, partisan issue. We ask: Can a nationalized partisan rhetoric cast doubt on vote‐by‐mail (VBM) despite years of experience and a raging pandemic?MethodUsing 2020 general election records in Colorado, an established all‐mail voting state, we analyze first the general choice of voting methods using supervised machine learning and then the choice to switch to in‐person voting despite having used VBM in previous cycles.ResultsThe choice of voting modes is mainly habitual; local variations of COVID‐19 hardly mattered. Republican partisanship played an important role in predicting “switchers” to in‐person voting; the probability was 5.2 percent conditional on being a Republican as opposed to 1.9 percent for a Democrat.ConclusionsThe results suggest that voting in person can be heavily polarized by partisan communication, despite being a health behavior in a pandemic and voters having experience with mail voting.

Loving a good fight: personality traits and reactions to conflict in TV debates

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to our understanding of media influence on political behaviour by investigating the ways in which people with different personality types react to candidates’ conflicting rhetoric in televised debates during election campaigns. It analyses responses along three reaction types: evaluations of candidate character, debate performance, and voting intentions in two debate clips from the 2019 UK general election and 2022 Australian federal election. The study uses semi-structured interviews with respondents in the UK and relies on deductive, flexible thematic analysis. The findings show that respondents’ personality traits are associated with different reactions to conflict in televised debates, which are sometimes mediated by the nature of attack, partisanship and preconceptions about candidates especially in the UK debate.

Spain: Political Developments and Data in 2023

AbstractThe year 2023 was marked by a dense and turbulent political period. The country faced local and regional elections, snap elections and the reformulation of the left‐wing coalition government. Spain also chaired the Council of the European Union during the second semester. The victory of the right (the Partido Popular and Vox) in the local and regional elections held in May in 12 regions (Autonomous Communities), precipitated the call for general elections in July 2023. This process culminated in the renewal of the Sánchez coalition government with support from the Basque and Catalan pro‐independence parties and the exclusion of Podemos leaders from the new governing coalition. The decline of Podemos, the emergence of Sumar and the disappearance of Ciudadanos characterise the new Parliament. The reform of the law on sexual consent and the start of negotiations on a controversial amnesty law dominated the political agenda. In terms of the Spanish economy, the negotiation of an addendum to the National Recovery and Resilience Plan also stands out.

Political Attitude of the 212 Alumni towards Muhaimin Iskandar as a Candidate for Vice Presidentiality of Anies Baswedan

The General Election is an event where the public can choose their leaders openly and compete between the three presidential candidates, namely Lt. Gen. TNI (Ret.) H. Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo, H. Ganjar Pranowo, S.H., M.I.P., and H. Anies Rasyid Baswedan, S.E., M.P.P., Ph.D. The third candidate certainly has their strategy for selecting a vice presidential candidate and how to campaign. Anies Rasyid Baswedan and Muhaimin Iskandar, as candidate pair number 1, experienced many challenges in getting public support. This research aims to explore the political attitudes of the Persaudaraan Alumni 212 community organization using interpretative qualitative methods to understand social phenomena through Bryman's interpretation process. Meanwhile, to find out the extent of the truth of the research, the author uses qualitative data analysis techniques starting from data collection and data analysis, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the research show that, on average, the administrators and members of the Persaudaraan Alumni 212 showed cognitive, affective and conative components regarding Muhaimin Iskandar's candidacy as Anies' vice-presidential candidate, who then ultimately accepted candidate number 1 because of the mental that resulted from joint deliberations and produced Itjima Ulama.

The Influence of Political Memes on Political Marketing Strategy in Malaysia

Rapid development and quick-moving media not only change how people behave and communicate but also completely alter the marketing approach used to promote politics to maintain political power. The usage of memes in politics has also altered the agenda-setting of social groups that are concerned with Malaysian politics. This study aims to examine the impact of political memes on Malaysian youth, particularly on their decision to vote in general elections at the age as early as of 18. It also tries to examine the elements that make memes effective political marketing tools. Using a quantitative study involving 400 young people, it discovered that politics and memes had an impact on the younger generation. Further study is imperative to investigate on the young people preference that influenced their political decision making.

Politics at Play: TikTok and Digital Persuasion in Zimbabwe's 2023 General Elections

Zimbabwe's August 2023 elections were held against the backdrop of outcry over the outcomes of previous elections, which opposition political parties accusedthe ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front party of rigging. Access to the public media is among the issues of contestation. Opposition political parties claim that they are not given equal space for campaigning purposes. Social networking sites such as X (formerly Twitter) and Facebook have recently provided spaces for political communication, where all parties have unfettered access to the electorate. Recently, TikTok has emerged as a popular social networking site, rivaling established applications in terms of its uptake, particularly among youths. Research on the social media application suggests that it is largely used for trivial purposes and does not contribute to critical dialogue. However, lately there is evidence that TikTok is being used for “serious” purposes, including activism. The study sought to find out how political actors in Zimbabwe used the TikTok platform for political communication in the run-up to the 2023 elections. The paper also examines the nature of digital persuasion on TikTok and how this enriches or trivialises political discourse. Findings show that TikTok was used to urge Zimbabwean youths to register to vote as well as to provide visual evidence of the good and the bad associated with particular political parties, as they competed for voters. It was used as a politainment tool, combining political messaging with the entertainment affordances of TikTok.

ACM's 2024 General Election

Please Take This Opportunity to Vote. Meet the candidates who introduce their plans---and stands---for the Association.

2022 개정 기술과 교육과정 개발과 주요 특징

The purpose of this study was to develop the 2022 revised technology and curriculum. The study was divided into primary and secondary research according to the government's curriculum development process. The research methods used in this study included literature research, expert consultation, Delphi survey, and policy consultation. One of the most important features of the 2022 revised technology subject curriculum development is that the participation of professors at technology teacher training institutions and current technology teachers increased compared to the previous curriculum. As a result of this participation and discussion, the results of the 2022 revised technology subject curriculum development study were derived. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the middle school technology curriculum was developed into two major areas: technological problem solving and innovation, and sustainable technology and convergence. Second, the high school technology curriculum was composed and developed with technology and home economics as general electives, robots and the world of engineering as career electives, and creative engineering design and general intellectual property as convergence electives. Third, all curriculum were developed by dividing them into changed content elements: knowledge/understanding, process/skill, value/attitude, and achievement standards were developed through combination of content elements. Fourth, the high school technology curriculum strengthened the nature of the engineering field and attempted to preserve the purpose of the high school credit system. The development process and main features of the 2022 revised technology subject curriculum can be used as explanatory material for future curriculum implementation, monitoring of future curriculum, and basic data for the next curriculum.

Pengabdian Masyarakat Sosialisasi Implementasi Sistem Pemilu Indonesia di Bawaslu Jakarta Pusat

General elections in Indonesia are a democratic mechanism to determine leaders who are expected to have legitimacy, namely recognition and support from the voting public at large. To achieve this, Indonesia needs an electoral system that is effective and in accordance with the country's conditions. Elections in this country have been regulated through the 1945 Constitution and are conducted through direct and representative election methods. There were variations in the electoral system before and after the 1945 constitutional amendment was made. This electoral system is set up to ensure that the voting process is conducted directly, publicly, freely, confidentially, honestly, and fairly. However, the implementation of the current electoral system shows some shortcomings that require improvement to ensure better elections in the future.

Menggali Makna Pemilihan Umum : Peran, Sejarah, dan Tantangan Demokrasi

General elections in Indonesia are a democratic mechanism that aims to maintain the principle of people's sovereignty. In its history, Indonesia has experienced an evolution in holding general elections since 1955, with various systems and regulatory changes. The role of elections includes the legitimacy of the ruler, the formation of political representatives, the turnover of the governing elite, and political education. The research method used in this study is normative juridical, focusing on the application of applicable legal principles. Elections also involve scrutiny that is essential to ensure integrity and fairness in the democratic process. However, there are still challenges such as the practice of money politics that harm and affect the democratic process.  

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 85/PUU-XX/2022: Badan Peradilan Khusus Perkara Perselisihan Hasil Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati dan Walikota

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the balance of Constitutional Court Judges in Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022 and the legal implications of Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022 on special courts for resolving disputes over election results. The research issues include: 1) What are the considerations of Constitutional Court Judges in Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022? 2) What are the legal implications of Decision Number 85/PUU-XX/2022 on special courts for resolving disputes over election results? The research method used in this thesis is normative juridical, meaning the research starts from legal issues by analyzing legal problems through legislation, literature, and other reference materials. This thesis employs several approaches, including legal approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The results of the discussion in this study indicate that: 1) Legal considerations underlying the Constitutional Court Decision include the absence of a special court designated by the President/Government and the DPR to handle disputes over the results of regional head elections, fundamental changes to Article 157 in three amendments to the Regional Head Election Law; the history of the development of authority in resolving disputes over election results in the Constitutional Court; and the elimination of differences in the election regime for both general elections and regional head elections. 2) The implication of constitutional Court Decision number 85/PUU-XX/2022 are, firstly, it removes the role of special judicial bodies in handling disputes over regional elections results” Secondly, there is inconsistency in the Constitutional Court’s decisions, as it previously mandated that settling regional election disputes (PHPUD) is not within the authority of the Constitutional Court. Thirdly, there is a pilin gup of election-related cases in the Constituional Court.

The electoral effect of pork barrel politics: evidence from England

AbstractThis study examines the effect of the allocation of centralised funding on electoral support for the incumbent by utilising the introduction of the “Towns Fund” in England in 2019 as a natural experiment. For causal identification, I leverage a difference-in-difference design to examine the electoral effect of this fund. My findings suggest that providing funding to constituencies significantly increased the vote share of the Conservative Party in the General Election in 2019. However, in a subset of constituencies in which the Labour Party constitutes the incumbent, the findings can not be replicated for all specifications and robustness checks. Furthermore, I do not find consistent support that the effect is stronger in economically deprived constituencies. Similarly, the results suggest that the voting outcome depends on the total amount of funding being received, however, this finding does not reach statistical significance. These results complement the literature by providing empirical evidence for pork barrel as a functioning means for vote buying for the Conservative government in 2019 in England. Furthermore, this paper emphasises that partisanship should be considered as a mediating variable when analysing the political effect of providing place-based funding.

KEWENANGAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TERHADAP PUTUSAN PERKARA NOMOR 90/PUU-XXI/2023

The decision of the Constitutional Court in case Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 in the general election trial Number 7 of 2017, the opinions of legal experts and the public are contradictory. There are political parties who say the decision is right, and there are also those who say the Constitutional Court's decision is wrong. Furthermore, the problem formulated in this study is based on this background, namely the competence of the Constitutional Court and the legal consequences of its decisions. The research method is a normative and applicable legal approach. This research uses library research, namely. Qualitative studies are carried out by collecting library materials, reading and taking notes, and carrying out analysis on library materials that have been selected for use. Based on the results of this research, the Constitutional Court has the competence to make decisions on matters relating to the age limit for candidates for President and Vice President, where the court's decision is definite and binding.

Winners and losers: Emotional shifts across elections are conveyed by a politician's smile.

The human smile can convey both rewarding and affiliative social intent and thus has significant utility in politics, where the ability to bond with and reassure voters is vital to electoral success. We examine experimental evidence from the 2019 UK general election to investigate the influence of a politician's reward or affiliative smile on voter emotions. It was hypothesised that the winner's affiliative smile would engender positive affect across all partisan groups compared to the winner's reward smile display. Participants from a nationally representative sample were shown campaign footage containing both types of smiles from the leaders of the main competing political parties both before and after the election. Increases in happiness and affinity were revealed across all partisan groups when shown footage of the eventual winner's affiliative smile; at the same time, supporters of losing parties indicated a decrease in negative affect. Affinity has been shown to increase civic engagement. Thus, we conclude that affiliative smiles displayed by leading candidates during the campaign likely acted as a mechanism to align voter behaviour with the dominant political message.

The Right To Inquiry: Its Influence on The Results of The 2024 General Election

Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that this research aims to analyze the function of the People's Representative Council's right to inquiry in influencing the results of the 2024 general election. In line with the characteristics and color of sentences that researchers use in this article, this research is qualitative research with a normative/normative approach. approach to regulations and laws relating to the era of the right to inquiry, the history of the right to inquiry, the scope of the right to inquiry, the object of the right to inquiry, and the influence of the right to inquiry on the results of the 2024 Presidential and Vice Presidential general elections. In line with qualitative research with other descriptive approaches, research This uses secondary data in the form of statutory regulations relating to the right to inquiry, legal books, scientific articles, and various other secondary legal sources which are usually used as references in qualitative research with a normative approach. These data were analyzed using the method of grammatical legal interpretation, namely interpreting word for word in statutory regulations, legal doctrine and scientific articles. As well as a systematic legal interpretation method in accordance with the hierarchy of laws and regulations.

Public Law Developments in Türkiye on Its Centennial

Abstract As the centennial anniversary of the Turkish Republic has been celebrated in 2023, by virtue of a dynamic interplay between law and politics both nationally and internationally, year 2023 has been a legally active one for Türkiye. The general elections and the presidential elections were held in May, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan extended his twenty years of power by five more at the end of the second round, while AKP (Justice and Development Party, led by Erdoğan) once again became the leading political party in the Parliament. Along with the ongoing economic hardship the State is in for the last few years now, which was deteriorated with the devastating earthquakes of 6 February, and the wars in nearby countries, it may be submitted that the legal outlook has been heavily influenced by internal and external stress factors. This survey presents a selection of public law related legal developments that took place in Türkiye, between January and November of 2023.